We all know children can be restless at night, but what if your child’s sleep issues are more than just the normal “one more glass of water” process? As a paediatrician and allergy specialist in Dubai, I regularly hear from parents who are worried about their child’s persistent sleep issues. What most aren’t aware of is that certain children could be suffering from sleep disorders, and these have a profound impact on both life and health.
While the majority of people can handle a rare late night or two, children’s sleep disorders are chronic conditions that disrupt sound rest. Whether it’s staying awake all night, sleepwalking, or just finding it impossible to wake up in the morning, catching and treating these issues early is important.
Here, I will guide you through the most prevalent symptoms of sleep disorders in children, what may be causing them, and the treatments for children’s sleep disorders that can allow your child to finally get the quality sleep they deserve.
What are Sleep Disorders in Children?
Sleep disorders are chronic disturbances of a child’s usual sleep patterns. They may impact the amount of time your child sleeps, the quality of their sleep, and the way they feel rested during the day.
Unlike the usual bedtime battles, sleep disorders are chronic and could necessitate medical intervention. They can impact school performance, mood, and even overall physical health if left unaddressed.
Common Types of Sleep Disorders in Children
Let’s break down a few of the most common types of sleep disorders I see in my practice:
1. Insomnia
- Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
- Can be caused by anxiety, poor sleep hygiene, or underlying medical issues.
- Kids may show signs of irritability, poor concentration, and fatigue.
2. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)
- Interrupted breathing during sleep, often caused by enlarged tonsils or adenoids.
- Loud snoring, gasping, and frequent night wakings are key signs.
- Children may also experience daytime sleepiness and hyperactivity.
3. Parasomnias
- These include sleepwalking, night terrors, and confusional arousals.
- Kids often don’t remember these events the next day.
- Parasomnias are more common in younger children but can affect older kids as well.
4. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
- A strong urge to move the legs, often accompanied by tingling or discomfort.
- Symptoms usually worsen in the evening and can delay falling asleep.
5. Circadian Rhythm Disorders
- The child’s internal body clock is misaligned with typical sleep-wake patterns.
- Common in teenagers, but can also affect younger kids.
- Leads to very late bedtimes and difficulty waking in the morning.
Symptoms of Sleep Disorders in Kids
Identifying the symptoms of sleep disorders in children is the initial step towards getting the appropriate treatment. Although each child is unique, the following are some common warning signs to look out for:
- Loud or chronic snoring
- Frequent night wakings or trouble falling asleep
- Daytime fatigue despite adequate time in bed
- Mood swings, irritability, or hyperactivity
- Sleepwalking or night terrors
- Difficulty waking up in the morning
- Falling asleep during school or other daytime activities
- Unexplained behavioural issues or poor academic performance
If these symptoms persist for more than a few weeks, it is advisable to discuss them with a paediatrician.
The Emotional and Behavioural Impact of Sleep Disorders on Kids
Sleep is not only physical rest—children’s emotions and behaviour are regulated by it. When children do not obtain enough restorative sleep, or their sleep is repeatedly broken by a disorder, this can impact how they feel and behave during the day.
Emotional impacts can include:
- Increased anxiety or low mood.
- Difficulty managing frustration or stress.
- Feeling emotionally overwhelmed in school or social settings.
Behavioural impacts may show up as:
- Hyperactivity or being constantly “on edge.”
- Difficulty following rules or instructions.
- Acting out at home or in school (often mistaken for attention deficit problems).
- Social withdrawal or trouble making friends.
In fact, studies show that chronic sleep deprivation can mimic symptoms of ADHD, causing kids to struggle with attention, impulse control, and emotional regulation. Numerous parents who approach professionals for assistance with behavioural issues frequently find that inadequate sleep is having a larger impact than they had imagined.
Once sleep problems are treated, parents often notice significant changes in the child’s mood, behavior, and resilience in the face of everyday stressors.
What Causes Sleep Disorders in Children?
Several factors can contribute to children’s sleep issues, including:
- Allergies or asthma that interfere with breathing during sleep.
- Poor sleep habits, like irregular bedtimes or excessive screen time.
- Stress or anxiety from school, social pressures, or family dynamics.
- Medical conditions, such as enlarged tonsils or neurological disorders.
- Family history of sleep problems, like insomnia or restless legs syndrome.
Identifying the underlying cause is critical to tailoring the correct treatment for your child.
Treatments for Children’s Sleep Issues
The good news? Most childhood sleep disorders can be treated through a combination of behavioral techniques and, if needed, medical treatments.
1. Sleep Hygiene Improvements
Good sleep starts with good habits.
- Set a consistent bedtime and wake-up time.
- Establish a calming bedtime routine.
- Limit screen time at least an hour before bed.
- Make sure the sleep environment is cool, dark, and quiet.
2. Treating Underlying Health Issues
If allergies, asthma, or nasal congestion are disrupting sleep, managing these conditions can drastically improve rest quality. As an allergy specialist, I often work with families to address respiratory-related sleep disruptions.
3. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Insomnia
CBT is an effective, non-medication approach for children struggling with insomnia. It helps reframe unhelpful thoughts around sleep and establish better bedtime habits.
4. Medical Interventions (When Needed)
For more complex conditions like Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, treatment may include:
- Removing enlarged tonsils/adenoids.
- Using CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) machines in certain cases.
- Medications for conditions like Restless Legs Syndrome, prescribed under specialist care.
5. Parental Education and Support
Often, educating parents on sleep patterns and behavioural strategies can resolve many mild to moderate sleep issues. Family routines and stress levels at home also play a significant role.
When Should Parents Seek Professional Help?
Although certain sleep disturbances are transient and resolve with changes in lifestyle, ongoing sleep issues necessitate professional assessment. You must contact a paediatrician if:
- Symptoms last longer than 3-4 weeks.
- Your child’s daytime functioning is being affected.
- You notice signs of breathing difficulties, such as gasping or pauses in breathing.
- There are behavioural issues linked to poor sleep quality.
As a paediatrician and allergy specialist, I can help assess whether medical treatment is needed, or if sleep hygiene and behavioural changes are the right place to start.
How Untreated Sleep Disorders Can Impact Kids’ Health
Leaving a sleep disorder unaddressed can lead to:
- Poor academic performance
- Weakened immune function
- Increased risk of anxiety and depression
- Obesity and metabolic concerns due to disrupted hormones
- Long-term behavioural issues
Early intervention can make a huge difference in your child’s health and well-being.
Your Next Steps Toward Better Sleep
You don’t have to navigate this alone. From bedtime struggles to more severe sleep disorders, finding the right support is the key to safeguarding your child’s physical and emotional well-being.
If you’re noticing persistent sleep challenges, don’t hesitate to reach out to Dr. Mahesh Katre, paediatrician and allergy specialist in Dubai. Visit me and schedule a consultation.
FAQs About Sleep Disorders in Children
1. Are sleep disorders common in children?
Yes, sleep disorders affect about 25-30% of children at some point, ranging from mild to more serious conditions like sleep apnea or insomnia.
2. Can allergies cause sleep problems in kids?
Absolutely. Allergies can lead to nasal congestion and nighttime coughing, both of which can disrupt sleep patterns.
3. How can I tell if my child’s snoring is a concern?
Mild snoring from time to time is not uncommon, but persistent loud snoring accompanied by pauses in breathing could indicate sleep apnoea and should be evaluated.
4. Is medication always required for sleep disorders?
Not always. Many children respond well to non-pharmacological treatments such as improving sleep hygiene, CBT, and addressing underlying health issues.
5. Can sleep disorders affect school performance?
Yes, lack of sleep can have an effect on memory, concentration, mood, and energy levels—all of which have an impact on how well your child performs at school.